Anti Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action Negligent
 Many people argue that besides insulting middle-class blacks for implying that they are not competent enough to compete with whites on a level playing field, affirmative action reduces blacks' incentives to achieve and accumulate human capital by systematically lowering the standards of admission and employment expected of them.
Experts also argue that "notwithstanding the establishment of a legal regime of equal opportunity, historically engendered economic differences between racial groups could well persist into the indefinite future. . . the pronounced racial disparities to be observed in American cities are particularly problematic, since they are, at least in part, the product of an unjust history.
Many people feel the government should undertake policies to mitigate the economic marginality of those languishing in the ghettos of America. This is not a reparations argument. When the developmental prospects of an individual depend on the circumstances of those with whom he is socially affiliated, even a minimal commitment to equality of opportunity requires such a policy. In our divided society, and given our tragic past, this implies that public efforts intended to counter the effects of historical disadvantage among blacks are not only consistent with, but indeed are required by, widely embraced democratic ideals."
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